嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)是一種由白黑鏈霉菌產(chǎn)生的氨基苷類抗生素,是氨酰-tRNA分子3´末端的類似物,能夠與核糖體的A位點(diǎn)結(jié)合并摻入到延伸的肽鏈中,打亂核糖體上的肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),造成翻譯過(guò)程中不成熟鏈終止,從而抑制蛋白質(zhì)合成。
圖1嘌呤霉素結(jié)構(gòu)式(CAS NO. 53-79-2)
嘌呤霉素產(chǎn)生菌Streptomyces alboniger內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的pac基因編碼嘌呤霉素N-乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶(pac),賦予機(jī)體對(duì)嘌呤霉素產(chǎn)生抗性。這一特性如今普遍應(yīng)用于篩選特定攜帶pac基因質(zhì)粒的哺乳動(dòng)物穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞株。嘌呤霉素在細(xì)胞穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)株篩選中的普遍應(yīng)用與慢病毒載體的特性有關(guān),現(xiàn)在商業(yè)化的慢病毒載體多數(shù)都攜帶pac基因。在某些特定情況下,嘌呤霉素亦可以用來(lái)篩選轉(zhuǎn)化攜帶pac基因質(zhì)粒的大腸桿菌菌株。嘌呤霉素作用迅速,在低濃度下即可快速導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡。貼壁哺乳細(xì)胞對(duì)濃度為2-5 µg/ml的嘌呤霉素較為敏感,而懸浮細(xì)胞對(duì)濃度低至0.5-2 µg/mL的嘌呤霉素已經(jīng)很敏感。對(duì)嘌呤霉素穩(wěn)定耐藥的哺乳細(xì)胞可在一周內(nèi)生成。
穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)細(xì)胞株篩選
實(shí)驗(yàn)原理:
通過(guò)將外源DNA/shRNA克隆到帶有pac基因的載體上,重組載體轉(zhuǎn)染至宿主細(xì)胞并整合到其染色體中,并隨細(xì)胞分裂穩(wěn)定傳遞,最后用嘌呤霉素進(jìn)行篩選。
準(zhǔn)備及預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn):
1. 建議使用濃度
哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞:1-10 μg/mL,最佳濃度需要預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)確定。
大腸桿菌:LB瓊脂培養(yǎng)基篩選穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)化pac基因的大腸桿菌,使用濃度為125 μg/mL。使用嘌呤霉素篩選大腸桿菌穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)株需要精確的pH值調(diào)節(jié)。
2. 溶解方法
用蒸餾水溶解嘌呤霉素配制成50 mg/mL的母液,0.22 μm濾膜過(guò)濾除菌后分裝,于-20℃凍存。
3. 嘌呤霉素殺滅曲線的確定(以shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染或者慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)為例)
嘌呤霉素有效篩選濃度跟細(xì)胞類型、生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)、細(xì)胞密度、細(xì)胞代謝情況及細(xì)胞所處細(xì)胞周期位置等有關(guān),確定殺死未轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞的最低濃度嘌呤霉素至關(guān)重要。初次做實(shí)驗(yàn)一定要先進(jìn)行Puromycin梯度篩選預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn),建立殺死曲線(kill curve)。
1)以5~8×104 cells/孔的密度24孔板鋪板,培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。
2)準(zhǔn)備篩選培養(yǎng)基:含不同濃度嘌呤霉素的新鮮培養(yǎng)基(如0-15 μg/mL,至少5個(gè)梯度)。
3)更換新鮮配制的篩選培養(yǎng)基,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),并觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,每2-3天更換新鮮篩選培養(yǎng)基。
4)每日觀察細(xì)胞存活情況,4-6天內(nèi)有效殺死所有非轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞的藥物為最低濃度。
穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)株的篩選
慢病毒感染48-72h后(70-80%融合度),將細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含適當(dāng)濃度Puromycin的培養(yǎng)液中,篩選至少48h。當(dāng)對(duì)照未轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞加puro組全部死亡時(shí),感染病毒組剩下全部是陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞。
【注】:①當(dāng)細(xì)胞處于分裂活躍期時(shí),抗生素作用最明顯。細(xì)胞過(guò)于密集,抗生素產(chǎn)生的效力會(huì)明顯下降。細(xì)胞密度最好不超過(guò)25%。②每日觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),嘌呤霉素的篩選至少需要48 h,有效濃度嘌呤霉素的篩選周期一般在3-10天。③病毒的MOI越高,每個(gè)細(xì)胞含有的shRNA拷貝和嘌呤霉素耐性基因越多。在做嘌呤霉素篩選時(shí),越高M(jìn)OI,含越多pac拷貝的細(xì)胞能耐受更高的嘌呤霉素濃度,調(diào)整嘌呤霉素的濃度去篩選轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,但是嘌呤霉素的濃度不能低于殺死曲線的最低有效濃度;
2)加入含有最低濃度的Puromycin培養(yǎng)基擴(kuò)增細(xì)胞,待qPCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果合格后進(jìn)行凍存。
翌圣生物推出兩種狀態(tài)的嘌呤霉素產(chǎn)品助力穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)細(xì)胞株篩選!
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